However, the Khartoum Arab Summit issued the "three nos," resolving that there would be "no peace, no recognition and no negotiation with Israel." The decision was kept a closely-guarded secret within Israeli government circles and the offer was withdrawn in October, 1967.Įgypt and Syria both desired a return of the land lost in the Six-Day War. There is no evidence of receipt from Egypt or Syria, who thus apparently never received the offer. The US was informed of the decision, but not that it was to transmit it.
The Israeli decision was to be conveyed to the Arab nations by the United States. The government also resolved to open negotiations with King Hussein of Jordan regarding the Eastern border. The Golans would have to be demilitarized and special arrangement would be negotiated for the Straits of Tiran. Nonetheless, according to Chaim Herzog, On June 19, 1967, the National Unity Government voted unanimously to return the Sinai to Egypt and the Golan Heights to Syria in return for peace agreements. In 1971 Israel spent $500 million fortifying its positions on the Suez Canal, a chain of fortifications and gigantic earthworks known as the Bar Lev Line, named after Israeli General Chaim Bar-Lev. In the years following that war, Israel erected lines of fortification in both the Sinai and the Golan Heights. The Israelis had also captured roughly half of the Golan Heights from Syria. During the Six-Day War six years earlier, the Israelis had captured the Sinai clear to the Suez Canal, which had become the cease-fire line. This war was part of the Arab-Israeli conflict, a conflict which has included many battles and wars since 1948. Egypt, which had already been drifting away from the Soviet Union, then left the Soviet sphere of influence almost entirely. The Camp David Accords, which came soon after, led to normalized relations between Egypt and Israel-the first time any Arab country had recognized the Israeli state. This vindication paved the way for the peace process that followed, as well as liberalizations such as Egypt's infitah policy. The Arab world, which had been humiliated by the lopsided defeat of the Egyptian-Syrian-Jordanian alliance during the Six-Day War, felt psychologically vindicated by its string of victories early in the conflict. The war had far-reaching implications for many nations. In the Sinai to the south, the Israelis struck at the "seam" between two invading Egyptian armies, crossed the Suez Canal (where the old ceasefire line had been), and cut off an entire Egyptian army just as a United Nations cease-fire came into effect. By the second week of the war, the Syrians had been pushed entirely out of the Golan Heights. The Egyptians and Syrians advanced during the first 24–48 hours, after which momentum began to swing in Israel's favour. The war began on the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur with a surprise joint attack by Egypt and Syria crossing the cease-fire lines in the Sinai and Golan Heights, respectively, which had been captured by Israel in 1967 during the Six-Day War. The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War ( Hebrew: מלחמת יום הכיפורים transliterated: Milkhemet Yom HaKipurim or מלחמת יום כיפור, Milkhemet Yom Kipur Arabic: حرب أكتوبر transliterated: ħarb October or حرب تشرين, ħarb Tishrin), also known as the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and the Fourth Arab-Israeli War, was fought from October 6 to October 26, 1973, between Israel and a coalition of Arab nations led by Egypt and Syria. Iraq: 60,000 troops 700 tanks 500 armored carriers 200 artillery units 73 airplanes Syria: 150,000 troops (60,000 deployed) 1,400 tanks, 800-900 armored carriers 600 artillery units 350 airplanes, 36 helicopters 21 warships 338: cease-fire leading to Geneva ConferenceĮgypt and Syria launched a surprise attack against Israel on the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur.Ĥ15,000 troops 1,500 tanks, 3,000 armored carriers 945 artillery units 561 airplanes, 84 helicopters 38 warships.Įgypt: 800,000 troops (300,000 deployed) 2,400 tanks, 2,400 armored carriers 1,120 artillery units 690 airplanes, 161 helicopters 104 warships Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights, and surrounding regions of the Middle East Related subjects: Military History and War Yom Kippur War
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